Marketing Plan Educational Product

Financial matters Because the business is a beginning up, we expect to do a lot of our activities in Montreal, Canada after which we will gauge the possibilities of working in other destinations.Advertising We will compose a custom research project test on Marketing Plan: Educational Product explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More We chose Montreal on account of its high populace of in any event 3,859,318 individuals. Besides, some of its organizations bargain in aviation, nanotechnology, and data and correspondence innovation items which can truly utilize our brainchild (Canada Economic Development, 2010). This is a reasonable sign that the occupants of the city are innovatively canny. Another explanation that makes Montreal a perfect area for our beginning up is its populace of understudies who are the end clients of our items. There are at any rate 165,000 colleges understudies in Montreal including 15,000 universal understudies. This gives it a high ground over oth er Canadian urban areas in North America (University of Montreal). The principle buyers of our item will be understudies and college educators. Of the four significant colleges in Montreal that we target, two are English talking and the other two are French talking. These are Concordia, McGill, UQAM and University of Montreal individually. College of Concordia has an understudy populace of 44,000, McGill 32,000, University of Montreal 55000, and UQAM 66,000 (Canada Economic Development, 1996). One of the significant boundary would be language. Colleges that utilization English as the main method of correspondence draw in an enormous number of universal understudies instead of organizations where French is utilized as the significant method of correspondence which just pulls in nearby French speaking students.Advertising Looking for research project on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This makes th e market of our item to be progressively assorted. Our simplicity of worthiness is improved by the information on both the understudies and instructors who are mechanically clever. These individuals had either utilized or experienced RFID previously. This makes it exceptionally simple to edify them on the advantages of this item. Clients After we have appropriately settled ourselves in the market, we will differentiate our customer put together and carry with respect to board huge companies working together in Montreal (Pride et al, 2010). There are at any rate 664 endeavors in Canada with more than 1,000 workers (The Million Dollar Database). The main endeavors are General Electronics with more than 13,000 representatives, University of BC with 10,000 workers, and Government of Saskatchewan with 11,000 representatives. Item estimate We are thinking about welcoming on board other Canadian Universities including Quebec training framework, global organizations, and government offices. Regardless of the way that our significant clients are as of now the understudies and teachers of the colleges found in Montreal, we plan to make large associations our key clients. Our end clients will change as far as their pay, sex, training, language, financial class, and way of life. The elements will be significantly impacted by our main clients. Appropriation At developmental stages, the dissemination of our item will be attempted by the redistributed organization that makes our item. Valuing The evaluating of our item will be impacted by numerous elements like the activity costs, the crude materials utilized in making the item, the expense of transport, vicinity of the market to our assembling office among other factors.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Marketing Plan: Educational Product explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Promotion This will be finished by sorting out college charges where we will advocate our items among under studies and instructors. We additionally plan to do our promotion in the day by day papers and well known media like radio and TV channels. Contenders Our significant rival will be ventures that have attempted to start thought like our own however have not succeeded due to protection settings. We are probably going to infiltrate the market since we have figured out how to take care of the issue of protection setting in the RFID Technology. Notwithstanding, there is a likelihood that different players may before long conquer this obstruction and eat into an extent of our piece of the overall industry. Nonetheless, our position will be reinforced by the way that we are the principal movers in the market. This will charm our clients to us. Our rival may have an edge over us as a result of their capacity to quicker update their innovation. Being the pioneers in the market, our rivals are probably going to gain from our mix-ups and think of impressive item. This keeps us on toes and call s upon us to up our game. With respect to circuitous contenders, by the prudence of the way that our organization will probably get effective and greater, numerous business undertakings will long to eat into its piece of the overall industry. Mastercard organizations will highlight unmistakably in this circle as a result of their purposeful exertion to guarantee that to shield their customers from conceivable robbery. Their significant quality would be that they have customers and have fabricated a name for themselves. Be that as it may, they will just figure out how to give us a run for our cash when they think of encoded RFID card. It is occupant that they think of their own item plan and encryption on the grounds that our item is patented.Advertising Searching for research paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Our rivals will make some troublesome memories in light of the fact that our security concerns are fixed, we are the market pioneers, we have consistent incomes, there is an immense market perceivability, and since our item is another innovation, it has an incredible market potential. In any case, a portion of the basic dangers incorporate government’s resolve to slice use to colleges, the business has momentary advantages, return on speculations might be extended, advertise adequacy, and the contenders may choose to update their innovation. Operational Plan It will be obligatory that we sign an agreement with an organization that will maker the RFID encoded programming since we are right now just fit for making the product. In any case, we are mulling over having our assembling plant sooner rather than later. Be that as it may, this can be deplorable if there should be an occurrence of a break of agreement. In the beginning up stages the vast majority of the operational costs will be borne by us. We are thinking about concocting an incredible advertising intend to defeat gives that may jump up because of understudies documenting claims against colleges due to protection related issues. Top of our activity plan will be thought age where better than ever RFID ideas will be created. The generator of the thought will disclose it to a companion who will end up being his colleague. The thought will at that point be protected. The accomplices will embrace to do advertise investigation and set up if there is interest for the item. The thought will be spurned to engineers who will favor its suitability. After they have affirmed it an agreement will at that point be agreed upon. The architects will do specialized examination and make the thought a reality. A unit of the item will at that point be structured and scrambled to make it increasingly secure. Protecting will before long follow the encryption procedure. To guarantee appropriate usefulness, the item will at that point be tried. The item will be re-appropriated to the item producer to start creation process. The board We won't have huge number of workers since we mean to redistribute at fire up. The two business visionaries will be liable for the inside administration of the organization and outside administration. The two designers will be worried about the RFID encryption and thinking of new thoughts. They will likewise be ordered with ICT division related issues. Five establishment workers will be brought over the edge to investigate issues of upkeep just as and establishment. Two associates will be liable for dealing with the organization. Reference List Canada Economic Development. (1996). College participation: Montrã ©al positions first in quite a while and fifth in total terms in North America. Web. Canada Economic Development. (2010). Montreal (06) Region †Social Economic Profile. Web. Pride, W. M., et al. (2010). Establishments of Business. Bricklayer, OH: Cengage Lea rning. The Million Dollar Database. (n.d.). Search results.Web. Universitã © de Montrã ©al. (n.d.). L’international à l’UdeM. Web. This research paper on Marketing Plan: Educational Product was composed and presented by client Mephistopheles to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Atacama region border dispute between chile and bolivia

Atacama outskirt strife is one of the longest fringe clashes in the world.â It was a fringe struggle among Chile and Bolivia during the 1800s and wound up with marking of the Peace Treaty among Chile and Bolivia in 1904 and Chile and Bolivia in 1929.At the finish of the contention, Chile added all the beach front piece of Bolivia and the southern tip of Peru.â At a point over the span of the contention, Argentina was brought into the contention coming about to its extension of Bolivian region which as constrained by Chile.Even after the marking of the harmony arrangement, the contention is by all accounts going on since Bolivia despite everything guarantee to be conceded the sovereign access to Pacific Ocean much after addition of its costal strip.â Although the territory as possessed by Bolivia and Peru, Chile proceeded with mining mineral rights significantly after the marking of the settlement which as Bolivia show it whole waterfront line making it landlocked country.The fu ndamental driver of the contention was the bounty of mineral in the Atacama Desert. Atacama Desert is the driest desert on either with minimal human inhabitation. Be that as it may, it is plentiful in minerals particularly sodium nitrate.This paper will audit the Atacama Desert strife. The paper will initially audit the geological foundation of the Atacama Desert before going into subtleties of the course of the conflict.â The paper will survey the primary factors that may have filled the contention, the course of the contention and the aftereffects of the conflict.Geographical foundation of the regionThe area of contention was lying in the Atacama Desert.â Atacama Desert it situated in Chile and it covers more than 33% of the northern side of Chile extending for in excess of 1000 Km. It rides the Southern outskirt of the nation with Peru.The desert is bound on its Westside by dry slopes and mounts and on the pacific cost side stretching out eastbound to the Andes Mountains (Mun donAndino, 2009).â Atacama is around 13,000 feet high creation it the most noteworthy and the coldest desert in the world.The atacama is the direst spot on earth.â It is sterile since it is hindered from the getting dampness by the Andes Mountain and the seaside Chilean Coast Ranges.The focal point of theâ â desert has been alluded by climatologist as the supreme desert on earth. For whatever length of time that climatologists have recorded precipitation on the planet, there is no downpour that has been recorded in the focal piece of the desert.â However, a few regions in the desert have recorded yearly normal precipitation somewhere in the range of 0.6 and 2.1 mm prompting development of inadequately appropriated vegetations.In the territory where no precipitation has been recorded, the main dampness in these regions originates from the thick mists which are called camanchaca shaped from the relationship of cold air and sea flows which begin from the Antarctic regions.â Life in Atacama is one of the most buildings since this mist is collected by the two plants and creatures alike.â The individuals living in Atacama gather the haze and utilize the mist nets which catch the mists and go it to drinking water (Veblen and Kenneth 2000, p. 26).The scene is equivalent to it meteorology.â The scene comprises of levels secured by magma streams and bowls of salt.â From the picture over, the obvious white region is a Salt Flat which is found hardly any miles south of one of the little town in San Pedro which is viewed as the focal point of the desert.Atacama is one of the inadequately populace territories on earth.â However, there is a desert garden at the center of the desert which is raised 200 meters where the town of San Pedro De Atacama lies.â Apparenlty this is a congregation which was developed by Spanish victors around 1577 (Fernand 1984, p. 59)).Before the victory by Spanish, the territory was essentially possessed by Atacameno clan which i s credited with the development of the some braced towns alluded to as pucaras. With the happening to Spanish Empire, there was amazing development of urban communities and tow along the coastâ â which were mostly because of development of silver exchange mined Potosi and different mines around the desert.Archeological proof additionally shows that San Pedro de Atacama could have been the middle for Paleolithic civic establishments. Other significant mines which are situated in the desert incorporate Escondida mine and Chuquicamata mines.Despite the worn out and dry scene, Atacama is rich in minerals.â It is a rich wellspring of copper and nitrates which has been the subject of contention for along time.The entire desert is inundated with surrendered nitrate mines. Aside from this, the desert has logical significance as it is being utilized by researchers to examine the conceivable endurance strategies utilized by the occupants (Absolute Astronomy, 2009). Researchers have demon strated that the dirt at the focal point of the Atacama Desert resembles that in mass and the life in the desert could give significant intimations to probability of life in damages.

Copernicus Essays - Copernican Revolution, Copernican Heliocentrism

Copernicus Nicolas Copernicus Nicolas Copernicus 1473-1543 Material science February 8, 2000 Nicolas Copernicus Nicolas Copernicus 1473-1543 Copernicus was conceived in Poland in 1473, he began his instruction at Cracow University. There he considered arithmetic and optics. From here he went to Italy, where he was named as a standard in the house of God of Frauenburg, where he consumed an agreeable scholarly time on earth studding. Copernicus had some little side interests while at the church, he painted, and much of the time made an interpretation of Greek verse into Latin. One other diversion that simply wasn't sufficiently little to be known as a leisure activity to a large portion of us was stargazing. He made examinations unobtrusively and alone, with no assistance. He saw from a turret on a defensive divider around a church, he likewise looked with his unaided eye as opposed to with a telescope. He was one of the originators of current space science. Copernicus passed on in 1543 of a cerebral drain. In 1530 just before Copernicus kicked the bucket he figured out how to distributed his work, De Revolutionibus. Which said that the earth turned on its pivot once day by day and went around the sun once yearly. This may no solid dubious however as of now the congregation and its supporters had faith in the Ptolemiac hypothesis, which expressed that the universe was a shut space limited by a circular envelope past which there was nothing. (Landry 1999) Copernicus' works conflicted with the congregation, and most logical convictions. This might be one motivation behind why Copernicus didn't distribute his work until his deathbed. Another explanation might be that Copernicus was a tremendous fussbudget, and ceaselessly revamp his works again and again to get them right. (Field 1995) So you can perceive any reason why Copernicus wasn't in any large hurry to have the world think about his hypothesis. On one hand he would cause a Nicolas Copernicus tramoundous mix in the congregation, and all established researchers. He would've in all likelihood have been terminated from the agreeable church position he had for a long time, and could?ve given him an awful name. In the event that it hadn't been for George Rheticus, a 25-year-old German science educator Copernicus' strength have never publiched his work. (Field 1995) Rheticus remained with Copernicus for a long time, and persuaded him to discharge his work. ?His work the Copernicus' heliostatic cosmology included giving a few particular movements to the Earth. It was subsequently viewed as improbable by far most of his counterparts, and by most stargazers and regular scholars of succeeding ages before the center of the seventeenth century. Its lone protectors included Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630) and Galileo Galilei (1564-1642). Solid hypothetical supporting for the Copernican hypothesis was given by Newton's hypothesis of all inclusive attractive energy (1687).? (Field 1995) So Copernicus' entire contention expressed that the planets and the Earth were in circle around the sun, and the moon was in circle around the Earth. This is known as the The Heliocentric System: Nicolas Copernicus Taking everything into account Copernicus said that the Sun was the focal point of the universe, and conflicted with all known information, religion, and lessons. He took every one of his perceptions with the unaided eye and with no assistance. Many dismissed his book and his hypothesis, which conflicted with everything that the congregation trusted in. Be that as it may if not for Copernicus, current space science would have never made advances the extent that it needs to today. Copernicus' difficult work and quality is the reason he is one of the most significant originators of present day space science. Book reference Field, J. V. (1995 August). Landing page. [Online]. [2000, Feb. 8]. Stargazing 161 ?The Solar System? . [Online]. College of Florida. [2000, Feb. 8]. Landry, Peter (1999 June). Landing page. [Online]. Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. CANADA. [2000, Feb. 8].

Filipino Mental Health Culture Paper

Presentation â€Å"Culture involves shared convictions esteems, and practices that direct a group’s individuals in designed perspectives and acting. Culture can likewise be seen as an outline for directing activities that effect care, wellbeing, and well-being† (Leininger and McFarland, 2006). â€Å"Culture is more than ethnicity and social standards; it incorporates strict, geographic, financial, word related, capacity or handicap related, and sexual direction related convictions and practices. Each gathering has social convictions, qualities, and practices that direct its individuals in perspectives and acting.Cultural standards help individuals from the gathering understand their general surroundings and settle on choices about proper approaches to relate and carry on. Since social standards recommend what is â€Å"normal† and ‘abnormal,† culture creates ideas of emotional well-being and illness† (Varcarolis and Halter, 2010). Examined furth er will be the emotional well-being of Filipino Americans just as psychological wellness data from The Philippines. Emotional well-being Needs â€Å"A solid conviction that spirits are a reason for physical and psychological instability is predominant all through the Western Pacific Region, including the Philippines.The solid impact of religion on the Filipino individuals has in any case, created a solid and positive feeling of otherworldliness, which is viewed as a wellspring of solidarity in the person. Since this otherworldliness is effectively recognized and rehearsed in networks, it is perceived as a significant way of dealing with stress in the midst of social hardship and disservice, emergencies, political changes, and normal and man-Running Head: FILIPINO MENTAL HEALTH CULTURE PAPER 3 made disasters.Psychosocial mediation programs during these occasions regularly coordinate a psycho-profound methodology. It is however that the pace of fruitful self destruction is low since taking one’s life is viewed as a wrongdoing (Conde, 2004). † Family Support â€Å"The family is the essential unit of society. It is as yet viewed as significant and there is dynamic cognizance in most of Filipinos to safeguard this in spite of the numerous social conditions that compromise its structure and the jobs inside it.While the family unit is advancing in the quickly growing urban regions, more distant families are as yet common. Families are clos-sew and impacted by convention. Significant choices are not made except if guardians are counseled and have given their endorsement. Family support is essential as a premise of network support in the midst of need† (Conde, 2004). â€Å"Mental ailment is managed through the assistance of loved ones and confidence in God. One's psychological distress is recognized as the family's sickness and is related with disgrace and stigma.The open presentation of enthusiastic pain is debilitated for social concordance. Hel p is frequently looked for from family members and friends before moving toward experts. Choices, including social insurance practices and inclinations, advance mandates, and assent for methods and treatment, are normally made in discussion with the family† (Sanchez and Gaw, 2007). â€Å"Some families see kids with psychological sickness as â€Å"bringers of good luck†. Filipinos enthusiastically connect with people with psychological maladjustment, however they may not acknowledge them as companions or employees.The dismissal depends on the conviction that people with mental distress are Running Head: FILIPINO MENTAL HEALTH CULTURE PAPER 4 perilously erratic. Filipinos for the most part unequivocally penance time and livelihood to acknowledge and think about their crippled family members† (Sanchez and Gaw, 2007). Access to Mental Health Care â€Å"Among Asian American ethnic gatherings, Filipinos have the second biggest portrayal (behind their companions of Chi nese family) inside the complete Asian American Pacific Islander populace of roughly 10 million individuals (U.S. Registration Bureau, 2002). † â€Å"Although Filipino Americans are commonly arranged inside the accumulated â€Å"Asian American: gathering, Asian Americans are not a homogenous gathering as for psychological wellness status. † In an examination looking at Asian ethnic gatherings and Asian-explicitly Filipino Americans have been found to have perhaps the most significant level of burdensome manifestations of all Asian ethnic gatherings in the United States, second just to Korean Americans. Despite the fact that the requirement for mental treatment exists, Filipino Americans were found to underutilize ublic outpatient psychological wellness administrations (Baello and Mori, 2007). â€Å"It would appear that Filipino Americans, saw as the most westernized of the Asian Americans, would be progressively well-suited to adjust to the American culture. Be that a s it may, they stay among the most mislabeled and socially underestimated of the Asian Americans. Expanded time of living arrangement in the United States may not really mirror an expansion in the reception of American way of life and culture† (Sanchez and Gaw, 2007) The Philippines have a National Mental Health Policy.There is no emotional well-being enactment and the laws that administer the arrangement of psychological wellness administrations are contained in Running Head: FILIPINO MENTAL HEALTH CULTURE PAPER 5 different pieces of composed laws, for example, Penal Code, Magna Carta for Disabled Person, Family Code, and the Dangerous Drug Act. The nation spends about 5% of the absolute wellbeing financial plan on psychological well-being and significant bits of it are spent on the activity and upkeep of mental clinics. The new social protection conspire covers mental disarranges yet is constrained to intense inpatient care.Psychotropic prescriptions are accessible in the em otional wellness offices (World Health Organization 2006). There are fifteen network private (custodial home-care) offices that treat 1. 09 clients for every 100,000 all inclusive communities. Mental medical clinics treat roughly 9 patients for every 100,000 overall communities and the inhabitance rate is 92%. Most of patients conceded have a finding of schizophrenia. Every single measurable bed (400) are at the national Center for mental health.Involuntary affirmations and the utilization of restrictions or segregation are normal (World Health Organization 2006). Rules For Treatment A socially touchy methodology is suggested while thinking about treatment of Filipinos and Filipino Americans. These rules include: focus on movement history and local direction, decide the hidden purpose behind treatment, guarantee satisfactory comprehension of the determination and treatment plan, remembering that social restraints and nonverbal prompts can delude the practioner, utilize obvious signs and convey in an ollaborative way, encourage exchange, asking about physical just as emotional well-being protests, use the family and distinguish the patient’s power order, permit the patient time to process any data given, regard individual space, note quirks without making suppositions about Running Head: FILIPINO MENTAL HEALTH CULTURE PAPER 6 their importance, don't be deceived by the introducing influence keep up prudent utilization of drugs, and connect with the patient by effectively concentrating on the individual’s indications (Sanchez and Gaw, 2007) ConclusionAccess to psychological wellness offices is lopsided the nation over, preferring those living in or close to the National Capital Region. The national psychological wellness arrangement was placed into activity moderately as of late. Network care for patients is available, however is constrained. The poor association of essential social insurance benefits in emotional well-being is additionally a compon ent imparted to many low and lower center asset nations. Specialists ought not spare a moment to expect a clinical role.Increased need to assets and a deliberately planned system of social administrations that perceives explicit sociopolitical, monetary, and social needs must be set up while conveying psychological well-being administrations to Filipinos and Filipino Americans. It is perfect to include such administrations inside existing clinical foundations and staffed by socially touchy clinical, mental, and social assistance work force. Specialists need to hold onto culture as a ground-breaking factor in understanding the Filipino-American experience.A socially delicate and creative way to deal with the individual ought to be embraced. Running Head: FILIPINO MENTAL HEALTH CULTURE PAPER 7 References Baello, J. , and Mori, L. (2007). Asian qualities, adherence and mental assistance looking for perspectives of filipino-americans. Diary of Multicultural, Gender and Minority Studies, 1(1), Retrieved from http://www. scientificjournals. organization/journals2007/articles/1261. pdf (Baello and Mori, 2007) Conde, B. (2004). Philippines psychological well-being nation profile.International Review of Psychiatry, 16(1-2), 159-166. Recovered from http://www. hawaii. edu/hivandaids/Philippines_Mental_Health_Country_Profile. pdf Leininger, M. , and McFarland, M. (2006). Social consideration decent variety and all inclusiveness: An overall nursing hypothesis (second ed. ). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett (Leininger and McFarland 2006) Sanchez, F. , and Gaw, A. (2007). Psychological well-being care of filipino americans. Mental Services, 58(6), doi: 10. 1176/appi. ps. 58. 6. 810 United States Census Bureau. (2002). The Asian Population: 2000.Retrieved from site: http://www. statistics. gov/nudge/2002pubs/c2kbr01-16. pdf Varcarolis, E. M. , and Halter, M. J. (2010). Establishments of mental emotional wellness nursing, a clinical methodology. (6 ed. ). St. Louis, Missouri: Saunders: Elsevier (Varcarolis and Halter, 2010) Department of Health, Manila, The Philippines, Department of Health, Manila, The Philippine. (2006). Who-points report on psychological wellness framework in the philippines. Recovered from Wold Health Organization site: http://www. who. int/mental_health/proof/philippines_who_aims_report. pdf

4 of Dr. Seusss Most Beloved Books (For Children and for the Child at Heart)

4 of Dr. Seusss Most Beloved Books (For Children and for the Child at Heart) Theodor Seuss Geisel (March 2, 1904 â€" September 24, 1991), better known by his pen name, Doctor Seuss, was an American childrens author, illustrator, poet, animator, screenwriter, and filmmaker. His work includes illustrations in more than 60 books, many of which have been some of the most popular childrens books of our time. In total, his books have sold over 600 million copies and have been translated into more than 20 languages.After attending Dartmouth College as an undergraduate student and Lincoln College, Oxford, as a graduate student, Geisel began his career as an illustrator and cartoonist for Vanity Fair and Life, among other publications.Having won the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1958 for Horton Hatches the Egg and again in 1961 for And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street, Geisel/Seuss remains one of the most beloved childrens book authors and illustrators of all time. With that in mind, here are four Dr. Seuss books you should read to the children in your life (o r to your own inner child).Green Eggs and Ham (1960)Green Eggs and Ham by Dr. Seuss. Photo from Amazon.com.Green Eggs and Ham is considered one of Dr. Seusss Beginner Books and is loved by teachers worldwide for its simplicity and interest to budding readers. It was first published on August 12, 1960, and has sold more than 8 million copies worldwide.It may come as a surprise to learn how this iconic childrens book was written as a bet between Seuss and Bennet Cerf, his publisher. The bet was whether Seuss (who had just written The Cat in the Hat using 236 words) could write a book with only 50 words. Seuss, of course, won the bet. The 50 words are: a, am, and, anywhere, are, be, boat, box, car, could, dark, do, eat, eggs, fox, goat, good, green, ham, here, house, I, if, in, let, like, may, me, mouse, not, on, or, rain, Sam, say, see, so, thank, that, the, them, there, they, train, tree, try, will, with, would, you.The plot centers on Sam-I-Am, who tries to convince his friend, Guy- Am-I, to eat a dish of green eggs and ham. Guy responds, I do not like green eggs and ham. I do not like them, Sam-I-Am, and repeats this throughout eight different locations (house, box, car, tree, train, dark, rain, boat) and with three animals (mouse, fox, goat). Guy-Am-I still refuses to eat them, both in the current location (here), the previous location (there), or anywhere! By the end of the story, Guy-Am-I samples the dish and announces that he would eat them by saying, I do so like green eggs and ham. Thank you. Thank you, Sam-I-Am.Quotes from the book:Say! In the dark? Here in the dark! Would you, could you, in the dark?I will not eat them in a house, I will not eat them with a mouse, I will not eat them in a box, I will not eat them with a fox, I will not eat them here or there, I will not eat them anywhere. I do not like green eggs and ham, I do not like them Sam-I-am.One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish (1960)One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish, by Dr. Seuss. Pho to on Amazon.com.Also published in 1960, One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish is another one of Dr. Seusss Beginning Readers books that has sold over 6 million copies. A 2007 poll conducted by the National Education Association labor union named it one of Teachers Top 100 Books for Children.The plot centers around a boy and a girl named Jay and Kay who have amazing creatures for pets. It is interspersed with other funny rhymes and surreal scenes, such as a man named Ned whose feet stick out from his bed, a creature who has a bird in his ear, and one man named Joe who cannot hear the other mans call. There are can-opening Zans, a boxing Gox, a winking Yink who drinks pink ink, and other silly rhymes containing colorful characters that will entertain both children and the inner child within you.Quotes from the book:From there to here, from here to there, funny things are everywhere!Today is gone. Today was fun. Tomorrow is another one.Why are they sad and glad and bad? I do not kno w. Go ask your dad.He will live at our house. He will grow and grow. Will our mother like this? We dont know.Fox in Socks (1965)Fox in Socks by Dr. Seuss. Photo on Amazon.com.Dr. Seuss first published Fox in Socks in 1965 and it has many things in common with Green Eggs and Ham. For example, they both feature two main characters who speak in tongue-twisters and rhymes, and in both books, one character is stubborn and wanting to be left alone while the other is comical and convincing.In Fox in Socks, those two characters are Fox and Knox. Fox particularly enjoys speaking in tongue-twisters that are hard to follow. Kids love it because of the silly rhymes and the inner child in you will probably love it for that exact reason.At the beginning, we meet Fox, who is sometimes called Fox in Socks, and Knox, who is sometimes called Mr. Knox. The rhymes begin there, as props are added (a box and a pair of socks then chicks, bricks, blocks and clocks). When Fox gets to the tweetle beetles who knock out with paddles while standing in a puddle inside the bottle on a noodle-eating poodle (a Muddle Puddle Tweetle Poodle Beetle Noodle Bottle Paddle Battle), Knox has had enough. The book ends with Knox stating: When a fox is in the bottle where the tweetle beetles battle with their paddles in a puddle on a noodle-eating poodle, THIS is what they call......a tweetle beetle noodle poodle bottled paddled muddled duddled fuddled wuddled fox in socks, sir!Quotes from the book:My tongue isnt quick or slick, sir. I get all those ticks and clocks, sir, mixed up with the chicks and tocks, sir. Who sees who sew whose new socks, sir?Please, sir. I dont like this trick, sir. My tongue isnt quick or slick, sir. I get all those ticks and clocks, sir, mixed up with the chicks and tocks, sir. I cant do it, Mr. Fox, sir. Im so sorry, Mr. Knox, sir.Oh, the Places Youll Go! (1990)Oh, the Places Youll Go! by Dr. Seuss. Photo on Amazon.com.We end our discussion of some of Dr. Seusss most beloved books with Oh, the Places Youll Go!. It was the last book he wrote and illustrated before his death, and was published by Random House on January 22, 1990, making it to number one on The New York Times Best-Selling Fiction Hardcover list that same year. While it has the same style of rhyming and silliness seen in Green Eggs and Ham and The Cat in the Hat, Oh, the Places Youll Go! Is written from the second person point of view and contains a narrator addressing a young boy, referred to simply as you.The narrator tells the reader of all the places he will go and the ups and downs hell experience along the way. The illustrations show landscapes and locations the reader will visit, including The Waiting Place, which is a place where everyone is always waiting for something to happen. There are various moral lessons along the way, such as reminder that life is a Great Balancing Act in which the reader is likely to get mixed up about at points. There also darker warnings, such as:And whe n youre alone, theres a very good chanceyoull meet things that scare you right out of your pants.There are some, down the road between hither and yon,that can scare you so much you wont want to go on.Oh, the Places Youll Go!Some of Dr. Seusss most enduring rhymes are part of this last book, and it has remained at the top of bestseller lists every spring as a common gift given to graduates as they embark on the journey in front of them.Quotes from the book:You will come to a place where the streets are not marked.Some windows are lighted. But mostly theyre darked.A place you could sprain both your elbow and chin!Do you dare to stay out? Do you dare to go in?How much can you lose? How much can you win?But on you will gothough the weather be foul.On you will gothough your enemies prowl.On you will gothough the Hakken-Kraks howl.Onward up manya frightening creek,though your arms may get soreand your sneakers may leak.Oh, the Places Youll Go!And will you succeed?Yes! You will, indeed!(98 and 3/4 percent guaranteed.)KID, YOULL MOVE MOUNTAINS!Oh, the Places Youll Go!

Infernal Love and Faith - Free Essay Example

Without Contraries is no progression. Attraction and Repulsion, Reason and Energy, Love and Hate, are necessary to Human Existence. Good is the passive that obeys Reason. Evil is the active springing from Energy. Good is Heaven. Evil is Hell (Blake 69). When he had spoken: I beheld the Angel who stretched out his arms embracing the flame of fire he was consumed and arose as Elijah. Note. This Angel, who is now the Devil, is my particular friend; we often read the Bible together in its infernal or diabolical sense which the world shall have if they behave well (Blake 80). Both passages present a mediocre but apt comparison to what Blake is poignantly attempting to demonstrate in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. In the first passage, he tries to create a complex idea, one which creates relations between things. He portrays good as passive, good is also reason and heaven. However, evil, active, energy and hell are more or less not interchangeable, but synonymous. The next passage embodies the complexity of the first one, but presents the Devil as a figure that does not suppress his energy or divinity, but rather, embraces the message of the Body and Soul, by intertwining it with Love and Sex, and Desire and Reason. Blake deploys the language of contradiction, presenting angels with a negative and devil-like connotation to demonstrate the law of human development. Subjectively, the words in the text break in the middle of the line, creating a caesura, hence, slowing down movements at different intervals to emphasize meaning, or fasten a phrase to initiate more weight. He states, Without Contraries is no progression. Attraction is Repulsion (69), it is already established that Blake sporadically creates a fracture of sorts within this sentence. By separating both lines with a pause, he possibly attempts to create an ominous, or rather dramatic effect in the minds of the readers. In a larger context, interposing the informal and irregular patterns of the lines prevent metrical monotony and emphasizes more meaning. Perhaps, this could be a vivid illustration of the contraries Blake is attempting to demonstrate in this section. Just like in the Songs of Innocence, life is full of joy and pleasure, b ut within those virtues ensue illiteracy and naivete. While the Songs of Experience has established a social reality, Blake is depicting through these contraries of Attraction and Repulsion / Heaven and Hell, that Energy and Reason repulse one another because they are not a unified purpose. While energy encompasses one end of the spectrum, Reason seeks another, thereby forming attraction. In essence, Blake demonstrates that Energy and Reason can simultaneously oppose one another, while working for the same purpose. Heaven and Hell serve as an extension of each other; they are both an interwoven part of the human existence. While Blake might seemingly be phrasing these in religious terms, the opposition he might be referring to could possibly date back to the hierarchical philosophy and belief that reason remains on top (Heaven), while passion below (Hell). He is calling for a dynamic union of these oppositions that are necessary to exist within mankind. The speaker adopts the voice of the Devil which prompts the reader to question whether or not to trust these call for inactions. It prompts one to assume whether this voice is viable and valid in their own rights, or if the readers should refute or debate the legitimacy of his ideas. While the first passage seems to portray the intersectionality between Heaven and Hell, and the Angel and Devil, the second passage brings about the beginning of rapprochement between Blakes Devil and Angel. To vividly demonstrate this, he forces the readers to imagine the momentary surge of emotions that could possibly erupt when attempting to fuse Heaven and Hell together. He states, I beheld the Angel who stretched out his arms embracing the flame of fire he was consumed and arose as Elijah (80). This initiative is sparked by the devil as he emerges from the flame of fire and summons all infernal energies to challenge and assert power towards the Angels dogma. This vividly parallels the battle betwee n the Angels and the Devil in Miltons Paradise Lost, where the devil and his companions were inadvertently ludicrous to believe they could possibly overthrow their creator. Referring back to Blakes initial statement that Reason and Energy, Love and Hate, are necessary to Human existence (34), he implies that the heavenly contraries which are represented by the angels have been completely dominated by the hellish contraries- the devil, therefore transforming the Angel into a Devil. This metaphorical equivalent of an angel transforming into a devil could perhaps be alluding to the state of mind of the readers. By following the transitional voice and tone of the devil all along, the readers are all consumed in his seductive trance, or even possibly succumbed to his voice of sex, lust and energy. Otherworldly, the transformation of the angel into a devil suggests a biblical allusion to the meaning of marriage, in which two become one flesh. The intersection of these two souls, and minds into one body attacks the Orthodox position of Marriage, perhaps it seems to consequently argue that by the fusion of the angel and devils souls, evil has been transformed into good. Figuratively, Blake seems to be refusing the idea that good and evil should be seen as separate, independent contraries, and instead seems to suggest a dynamic in which one contrary (evil) is transformed into and subsumed by its opposite. He abjectly uses a repetitive rhetoric to display the adverse and reticulate meanings behind some of his ambiguous claims. He states, Good is the passive that obeys Reason. Evil is the active springing from Energy. Good is Heaven. Evil is Hell (69). The phrases Good and Evil are constantly repeated at different intervals in the text, as well as ?reason and energy. Blake demonstra tes that while both phrases are contrary, they do not negate one another. Hence, as long as reason and good are transparent virtues, they will continue to reveal rather than hinder the divinity of mankind. The line, If the doors of perception were cleansed, everything would appear as it is, infinite (72), demonstrates how Blake seems to refrain from laying emphasis on the nature of mankind as being infinite, but rather, demonstrating a contrast between a fallen vision and a heavenly one. While the Angel sought to impose he idea of hell upon the narrator, the narrator subconsciously was bound to hell. However, as soon as the angel was no longer there to impose this reality, this idea no longer existed. Readers are forced to think that the idea of heaven and hell are just manifestations of the desires of the believers (people who think that heaven and hell exists), hence, it is once again a controversial idea. Blake then shifts his conceptual argument to the idea of vanity. He goes on to compare Angels to vain creatures who speak wisely of only themselves, he states, I have always found that angels have the vanity to speak of themselves as the only wise; this they do with a confident insolences sprouting from systematic reasoning (79). He criticizes the analogies of Swedenborg and Behmen, questioning their ideas on contraries. Although Behmens analogies are close, if not the same as the one Blake advocates in The Marriage. Basically, the idea of seeing greatness in man kind as the best way to win Gods heart demonstrates that if Jesus Christ is the greatest man, one ought to love him in the greatest degree- of course this opinion is refutable in other religious stances, and could possibly be seen as heresy. In a Christian sense, the readers are forced to acknowledge that Blake could possibly be alluding that any faith worth having, has to be one that can withstand a challenge. Blake goes on to provide the readers with a long list of ideas, referencing a potential revolution, possibly a revelation that would be freeing from the shackles of expectation. He concludes with a very subtle line which is reminiscent of the Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Coleridge, stating, For everything that lives is holy (82), depicting the idea that without contraries, there is no progression. This phrase reveals the underlying meanings embedded in the previous passages. The reader now has the ability to grasp and understand that everything that lives is holy, nothing is necessarily better than the other, and this includes darkness, evil and sin. Furthermore this unique work embodies the searching critique of ideas and yet, it builds on them. Both passages present the work is a medley of numerous forms, from poetry to proverbs, satiric narratives, parodies of other writers and even allusions to contemporary people. Referring back to the cover image if this poem, it shows at the top, pairs of lovers sitting under some leafless trees, in a very calm yet colorless mode. Underneath them, there are fierce flames blazing upwards, with two figures positioned in a very twisted position (possibly alluding to the confusion of mankind). By gazing at this image, the readers are forced to picture heaven in a higher position compared to Hell. Blakes idea however, forces one to rethink the entire symbolism that heaven and hell have represented. Supposedly, the blazing flames below may not be bad after all. While Blake is deliberately rehabilitating the satanic (the pride of the devil which prompted his fall from heaven), he does not advocate for cruelty but rather invokes through the monotonous effects of his words that energy and conflict are fundamental to human existence. The body should be seen as a site to no longer imply an opposition between body and mind or body and soul, but instead a dynamic interaction, possibly a marriage of reason and energy. Hence, Blake does infact agree that the human mind is embedded with self-condemnation and repression, and rather, encourages readers to explore beyond the restrictive boundaries of good and evil. To further Blakes analogy of the society and the self, versus the psychology of the mind and the self, his poem, London from the Songs of Experience, epitomizes the same thing if the passages were to be explicated in a political sense. In London, he highlights the way in which the society was forged through the placement of the privileged, re ferring to them as mind-forged manacles (41). This analogy is necessary when explicating Blakes true message in the Marriage of Heaven and Hell because it is indeed the repressed mind, and suppressed self that restricts individuals from achieving a breakthrough and recreating the meaning of his/her life.

Comparative Critique Of Comparative Capitalism - 1214 Words

CASE STUDY #4: COMPARATIVE CAPITALISM Case Study #4: Comparative Capitalism Florence F. Messi St Thomas University Miami Gardens, Florida Abstract The Merriam-Wester dictionary defines capitalism as an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market. (2015). However for an ideal capitalism to fully operate it requires a set of conditions or institutions such as legitimacy of government and the rule of law, a well-defined property right, firms acting as price takers, not barriers to entry and exit, free capital and labor†¦show more content†¦Yes, the â€Å"varieties of capitalism† model is a recognition that market capitalism economics is in reality political economy. Merriam Webster defines political economy as the theory or study of the role public policy in influencing the economic and social welfare of a political unit. (2015). When analyzing the â€Å"varieties of capitalism† model, spheres of coor dination-which are constraints placed on firms by their nation economic, political system and social system-that define a country capitalism, these spheres of coordination correspond to many fields of inquiry relevant to political economy. Spheres of coordination such as employees’ relationships, vocational training, internal finance governance, refer to the field of study such as regulation, interest groups, comparative institutions, relationships between government and business which are relevant to political economy. Insofar as the Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter referred to capitalism as a process of â€Å"creative destruction†, which of the two â€Å"varieties of capitalism† is consistent with Schumpeter’s theory? 1. Before choosing which of the two â€Å"varieties of capitalism† is consistent with Schumpeter theory of creative destruction, it is important to remind here what creative destruction is. Creative destruction, an expression coined by the Economist Joseph Schumpeter refers to the incessant product and process innovation mechanism by which new production units replace outdated ones. (Schumpeter, 1942).

A Social Ecological Approach to Rising Levels of...

Childhood onset overweight and obesity and its’ associated health consequences are quickly becoming major significant public health issues facing America today. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) define overweight as a body mass index (BMI) between the 85th and 95th percentile while obese is defined as BMI above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex . The prevalence of overweight children, defined based on 2009 CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics data, has more than tripled in the past 30 years. Between 1980 and 2006, the incidence of overweight among children aged 6 to 11 years increased from 6.5% to 17.0% while overweight levels for adolescents aged 12 to 19 years increased from 5.0% to 17.6% .†¦show more content†¦Research has shown an ethnic and racial disparity in the frequency of childhood overweight and obesity. Specifically, minority children face a disproportionately higher chance of obesity; Taveras, Gillman, Kleinman, Rich-Edwards, and Rifas-Shiman agree: â€Å"†¦many risk factors for child obesity are more prevalent among black and Hispanic children than among white children (p. 693). † They go on to write that additional variables affecting those two minority groups include belonging to a lower socioeconomic class, sleeping less than their white counterparts, and a greater likelihood of consuming sugar-sweetened beverages and fast food after age two . In one of few studies to include Asian/Pacific Islander and Latino youth in addition to blacks and whites in examining risk factors associated with overweight, Haas et al. research showed black or Latino children aged 6-11 years of age having a greater likelihood of being overweight compared with their white counterparts . In addition, Asian/Pacific Islander and Latino adolescents aged 12-17 years old were significantly more likely than Whites to be overweight. Interestingly, this study compared factors affecting children 6-11 years old with adolescents 12-17 years of age and found that overweight children were more closely linked to family circumstances, such as parental involvement, while overweight in adolescents canShow MoreRelatedEpidemiology And Public Health Significance2485 Words   |  10 PagesDr. Perrino June 23, 2015 The Obesity Epidemic 1. Epidemiology and Public Health Significance Obesity is a significant public health problem that has serious worldwide implications for health and disease. The sheer quantity of obese people in the world and specifically America, is testament to the need for this grave public health concern to be curbed. Obesity is classified as individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of 30.0 and above. Since 1980 worldwide obesity has nearly doubled.7 In 2014Read MoreThe Effects of Advertising on Children33281 Words   |  134 PagesTelevision Advertising to Children A review of contemporary research on the influence of television advertising directed to children Prepared for ACMA by Dr Jeffrey E. Brand May 2007  © Commonwealth of Australia 2007 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the ManagerRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:

Nuances of Medical Malpractice Law Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Rodney Comeaux was full of complicated health problems since when he was young. Diagnosed with Sickle Cell Anemia at an early age of six months, Rodney was never in perfect health. Sickle Cell Anemia (or SCA) is a genetic abnormality in the blood which is incurable. He had continuously suffered from pneumonia bouts and the anemia predicaments. During the month of June in 1988, Rodney, aged twenty-three by then, complained of chest pains and stomach discomforts. He was brought to the defendant Tulane Medical Center for admission. Dr. Abe Andes, the medical director of the hospital, attended to him. Released from the medical confinement on July 6, 1988, Rodney was prescribed an oral antibiotic called Keflex. He was advised to come back for an appointment with Dr. Andes on July 12 of that same year, specifically at two-thirty in the afternoon of that date. Dr. Andes wrote down his findings as pulmonary infarction versus pneumonia. Before Dr. Andes, Rodney Comeaux was being treated at the SCA clinic by a certain Dr. Frempong, the director of the said clinic. It was only in 1986 that Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Nuances of Medical Malpractice Law or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Andes took over from Dr. Frempong. Hours before the designated visit on July 12, 1988, Rodney showed up at the SCA clinic where he complained of chest pain and request to meet Dr. Andes. The latter was then preoccupied with attending to other patients who had prior appointments. It was therefore that Rodney Comeaux was not able to see Dr. Andes at that moment. Rodney left and proceeded to the office of her mother, Ms. Shiela Webb. Ms. Webb was then the Deputy Director of Health for the City of New Orleans and working with one Dr. Brobson Lutz, an internal medicine doctor at the Charity Hospital. Dr. Lutz rushed Rodney to the emergency room of the Tulane Medical Center at about past noon. This time the patient complained of having difficulty breathing and that his chest was hurting. It was found out that he was suffering from multiple pulmonary infarctions in his lungs. He was brought to a room in the hospital.

Research on Hybrid Cars - 7883 Words

[pic] I. Introduction: âÅ"“ Overview Of The Project: This project is based on the latest technology in automobile (car) industry- HYBRID TECHNOLOGY. In this project we are going to discuss about the hybrid technology in cars, the impact of hybrid technology on Indian automobile (car) industry, the companies which have adopted and benefited through this technology and the findings the conclusion. âÅ"“ Hybrid Technology: A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to move the vehicle. Power sources include: ââ€" ª On-board or out-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) ââ€" ª Gasoline or Diesel fuel ââ€" ª Hydrogen ââ€" ª Compressed air ââ€" ª Human†¦show more content†¦In 1905, Mr. H Piper filed a patent for a gasoline engine-electric motor powertrain. According to him, the electric motor would augment a gasoline engine, allowing a vehicle to accelerate from zero to 25 miles an hour in 10 seconds, much faster than the gasoline engines of that time. Ironically, when finally Mr.H Piper was granted the patent a few years later, normal engines were capable of producing the same kind of acceleration. Due to rapid advancements in the gasoline engine, the popularity of a hybrid car slowly diminished untill again in the early to mid 1970s, the time of oil crisis. Many companies poured funds to build experimental Hybrid Electric Vehicles. But as the oil became available again, the surge for HEVs died down immediately. The Europeans and Japanese researching on reducing production costs and making HEVs more salable. Companies like Toyota, Honda, Volkswagen, Mitsubishi came up with ways to reduce emissions and better the mileage. Toyota introduced the Prius in 1997 (in Japan and in 2000 in the US) which proved to be a huge success. Recent sales figures indicate that well over 300,000 units of Toyota Prius have been sold the world over justifying the concept of a clean family car. In 1999, Honda introduced its first production hybrid car, the Insight and then the Civic Hybrid in 2002. Ford came up with the first hybrid SUV, the Escape, which hit the road in 2004. Quick on their path areShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Hybrid Cars914 Words   |  4 Pagestheir hybrid Cars in order to make it popular. By: Subindas Kadukaparambil Subramanian Student ID:C0692533 Figure 1: (Toyota, 2015) â€Æ' Introduction Hybrid car is the one that utilize more than one means to power the vehicle. Toyota started manufacturing hybrid cars decades before, still more people are not interested to buy it. Implementing new technology require hard work and, importantly continuous monitoring and rectifying the draw backs. Toyota need to solve their problems in hybrid cars to increaseRead MoreMarketing Plan Hybrid Car1141 Words   |  5 PagesMARKETING PLAN HONDA MOTORS hereby launches the all new family Honda EC CRV, the new eco friendly car that makes others â€Å"go green† with envy for Oxygen is priceless. Save the earth, plant a tree because their is no Planet B... all you got to do is drive a Honda EC CRV. Introduction For the purpose of this assignment, I will choose hybrid automobiles that run on gasoline as well as alternative fuel i.e. Electricity. The rising fuel prices and increasing air pollution along with depleting Read MoreEssay Advertising of Hybrid Cars1619 Words   |  7 Pages Hybrid Cars: Saving the Environment Through Advertising Each year the average temperature of the earth increases .02 degrees Fahrenheit (Global Warming). Although this may not seem like a big change, our ecosystems are so fragile that even this slight boost in temperature is very destructive; oceans rise, glaciers melt at an alarming rate, species of animals cannot adapt and die off. As the twenty first century continues on, these changes are accelerating at an alarming rate, mainly dueRead MoreHybrid Proposal1124 Words   |  5 Pagesto Research Alternative Energy in Vehicles I have received your RFP and have written up a proposal based on the requirements you have listed. This proposal outlines the research I would like to continue regarding the feasibility of alternative energy sources in vehicles, particularly in hybrid vehicles. I have included a summary of the topic, a description of the graphics I plan to use, deadlines that will be met, costs involved, and an outline for the report. I am quite eager to research thisRead MoreI Search : Going Green1418 Words   |  6 Pagesmillions of Americans. Before industrialization, people relied on short distance transportation for their individual freedom. Cars put the user in control and broke down the travel barriers of the steam powered train. Americans could now travel alone, which encouraged their level of independence. This independence brought along responsibility in the form of upkeep. Car users now had to maintain fuel levels with the hazardous liquid â€Å"gasoline†. As more Americans hit the road, more gasoline filledRead MoreDisadvantages Of Hybrid Cars1597 Words   |  7 PagesHybrid vehicles are slowly gaining popularity despite American car companies failure to utilize the type of engine. During rush hours and heavy traffic, when vehicles are gaining most of their use, the electric powered engine helps reduce cost and maintain environmental health. American automotive companies need to start utilizing hybrid engines rather than normal gasoline-fueled engines by making hybrid engines the automotive standard. To begin with, the history of the super fuel-efficient vehicleRead MoreElectric Vehicles Vs Hybrid Vehicles1733 Words   |  7 PagesMy recommendation report will be focusing on the Electric vehicles versus Hybrid vehicles by keeping in view two criterions. Problem The use of vehicles has solved many of our problems and has facilitated the human kind in many aspects starting from transportation purposes to the time efficiency. If we just be looking at the positive side of the vehicles then the negative aspects of the use of vehicles will be hidden from us. (Hooftman, Oliveira, Messagie, Coosemans, Mierlo, 2016)The two importantRead MoreHybrid Cars1262 Words   |  6 PagesHybrid Cars I have always wondered what Hybrid cars were all about. Especially because over the past couple of years gas prices have been at record highs. I knew that there were such things as electric cars but until this last year or so I have only seen the wealthy be able to afford to drive them. And from what I had heard about Hybrid cars was that they were over priced, small, and not so attractive cars. No wonder nobody owns them. Now I am starting to see them more often and they arent asRead MoreHybrid Vehicles Are Environmentally Friendly Vehicles1270 Words   |  6 PagesHybrid vehicles, which are environmentally friendly vehicles, which will replace fossil fueled car in the future but they have a limited range and long fueling time. As fossil fuel resources start to become limited and non-environmentally friendly, car manufacturers are looking to find ways to make hybrid vehicles the future of transportation. Hybrid vehicles are beneficial since they are efficient, reduce pollution, an d cut global emission than the current hybrids models. As such, hybrid-electricRead MoreHybrid Cars1069 Words   |  5 PagesMKTG 396: Assignment #1: The Prius Leading a Wave of Hybrid Cars Question #1: Company: Within the company there are a few areas to look at regarding Toyota s introduction of the Prius. Areas such as financing, research, development, as well as others. When introducing the Prius, Toyota started early with its promotion of the hybrid. Spending US$15 million out of the US$190 million is spent on marketing in the 2002 year. Toyota informed its potential customers threw informative emails, TV

The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body a Literature Review Free Essays

Running Head: EFFECTS OF HEROIN ON A PERSON The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body: A Literature Review Heather Huber Walden University Psych 8226-04 Biopsychology Dr. John Redmon August 18, 2010 Abstract This literature review looks at the detrimental effects of heroin. Since many heroin users often become addicted, it is important to look at its ramifications. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body: a Literature Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now Beginning with a brief history of the substance, then discussing treatment programs for those who have problems with heroin abuse, this paper helps to better understand logical reasons that heroin is an illegal substance. The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body: A Literature Review Heroin, also known as diacetylmorphine, is an illegal drug in the United States and many other countries. Heroin has devastating results on the brain and body. This paper looks at heroin’s history, its consequences on the brain and body, addiction possibilities, and available options for treatment for heroin abusers. What is Heroin? Chemical make-up Breaking down the parts of the word, diacetylmorphine, di means two, acetyl is a radical derived from acetic acid, and morphine is a drug derived from the opium poppy plant used to relieve pain. Heroin, on the street, is generally not pure. Drug dealers often add other things in the drug to stretch their dollar (Furst, 2000). The term for adding things to a drug is called cutting it. According to Furst, easily attainable items, such as lactose and milk sugar, can cut heroin. Quinine, a psychoactive drug that enhances the heroin high, is also a common choice. History Upon researching the history of heroin, very few research articles were located. Many tend to focus on its results in present day life. Unfortunately, this inequity of information in Walden University’s academic databases, the internet provided much of the information regarding the history of heroin. Using vigilant discernment and precise judgment, the following information appeared relevant and valuable in understanding the path of heroin. Heinrich Dreser, an employee of the Bayer Company (the same as today’s Bayer Asprin), first discovered heroin in 1895 by diluting morphine (PBS, 1998). It was later that heroin was advertised and sold as an over-the-counter medication. Acknowledged for having the pain relieving effects of morphine, without the side effects and addictions, heroin became the new choice for pain relief. Unfortunately, a researcher in Bayer laboratories unethically withheld the truth of this information (HeroinAbuse. Net, 2007; PBS, 1998). The use, abuse, and addiction to heroin grew in the United States, and around the world, throughout the early 1900s. Access to heroin on the streets, despite its illegal status, became easier and soon it became a headliner when American celebrities (Janis Joplin, John Belushi, and Kurt Cobain, to name a few) overdosed and died due to use of the drug and its mixture with other illegal substances (PBS, 1998). Today, heroin is still illegal, but is prominent in the lives of many who use or know someone who uses. Effects of Heroin on the Brain Drugs become illegal usually due to the negative consequences. Franken, Stam, Hendriks, and van den Brink (2004) found that heroin can have a negative result on the brain by limiting and exciting different areas leading the long time abuser to have negative characteristics similar to both Alzheimer’s patients and individuals with multiple sclerosis (dementia and brain lesions, respectively). While their study shared a lot about long-term users of heroin, it failed to present information regarding limited-use of heroin users. It is valuable information to know how heroin use affects both groups. The difference between users and abusers will be discussed in the addiction section of this paper. Li, et al. 2005) discovered major disruptions in the cerebral cortex and central nervous system when they autopsied accidental deaths of heroin addicts. While it is challenging to study the definitive effects of heroin on the brain in patients while alive, postmortem patients provide valuable information regarding the effects of heroin use on the brai n. While traces of heroin were found throughout the brain, they discovered a larger amount in the hippocampus and the basal ganglia (Li, et al. , 2005). These heroin cells left lesions in the brain, which could have lead to decreased blood flow to the organs and even death (Li, et al. , 2005). It is clear that the brain is affected by the use of heroin, next we will look at the effects of heroin on the body. Effects of Heroin on the Body Heroin affects vision. Firth (2005) studied its effects. Many heroin users reported double vision (diplopia); the author thought it was important to see whether it was a temporary or permanent condition. Eye exercises or specially made glasses corrected the majority of diplopic conditions. Shao, et al. (2006), tested and found that those with the DRD4 VNTR long repeat allele were more likely to crave heroin after seeing heroin related stimuli, than with the similar DRD4 VNTR short repeat allele. This type of research provides information to future researchers to study this particular allele and perhaps find a â€Å"cure† for heroin addiction. While this may not be the only part of the human body that shows addiction tendencies towards heroin, it is a stepping-stone towards a future of understanding heroin addiction and maybe generalizes that information towards addictions to any substance. Addiction Addiction, in general, has been viewed from many different angles. Many influences encourage one to begin using a substance. O’Brien (2003) states that when discussing addition agent variable, there are three categories to take into consideration. First, agent variables include the onset and duration of the high, and price of the substance. Second, host variables include a risk-taking personality, likeliness of the person to get high, hereditary influences, and a desire to self-medicate. Lastly, environmental variables include peer pressure, and the use of a substance by a role model. These three groups of variables are important to take into consideration when identifying and analyzing an addiction. Viewing addiction from two perspectives, it is in one’s brain, or addiction is a chronic disease (O’Brien, 2003). Research has found that brain mapping is different in the brain of an addict than it is in the brain of a non-addict. Applying the disease approach to addiction, relapses are common and cannot be helped. The philosophy resembles the thoughts such as â€Å"would you punish a diabetic for having a sugar crash? † Many times the ideas behind addiction are challenging for people to comprehend when they have not had an addiction themselves or seen another person go through it. It is important for researchers to study addiction so that we can better understand it and help those who are addicted to substances. According to the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), an addiction to heroin would be classified as an opioid dependence. The characteristics of a person who is dependent upon heroin (a member of the opioid family) include the use of the drug without a prescription, self-medicating, obsession with obtaining the drug, high tolerance for the drug, and withdrawal symptoms when use is abruptly ended. Chiang, et al. (2006), looked at the likelihood of relapse for heroin users and found that of their 166 heroin abusers, approximately 80% of them relapsed in the five-year study. This is a larger percentage and ties into the idea of heroin addiction being a chronic disease that affects an individual throughout their life. Treatment With relapse having such prevalence in the life of heroin abusers trying to abstain, finding a successful treatment program is an important task. Blanken, et al. 2005), found significant success in programs that utilized a mix of heroin and methadone as a treatment to curb withdrawal symptoms, over those that used only methadone. One may question the help of using an addictive substance to treat an addiction, but it is similar to the idea of weaning a child off breast milk by slowly introducing bottles alongside the breast. While it takes some time for the weaning process, it decreases the likelihood of relapse. Gossop, Stewart, and Marsden (2006) found th at participants in a methadone treatment program, who received drug related counseling, were less likely to elapse than those who received generic or no counseling. This is important information for clinics that have methadone treatments programs because they can use the research to enhance their programs to better fit their patients and help in their treatments. Research (Marissen, et al. , 2006) has found that in-patient patients, who showed interest towards heroin related cues, were more likely to relapse after treatment, than those who did not show interest in the cues. The next steps for future research may include assessing whether the desire for heroin makes treatment more difficult. Whether an addict has a problem in their brain, or whether they have a chronic disease, heroin use and abuse is a grave topic for consideration (O’Brien, 2003). From the characteristics that push a person to first try heroin, to the nagging need for the high of just one more hit, the drug is a dangerous chemical that can have serious repercussions on both the brain and the body. Researcher need to continue their work in examining heroin as a chemical, drug, and addictive substance in order to assist in the best treatment for its use. With continued research, there may be a cure for heroin addiction, or even addiction itself. References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th Ed, Text Revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Blanken, P. , Hendriks, V. M. , Koeter, M. W. J. , van Ree, J. M. , van den Brink, W. (2005). Matching of treatment-resistant heroin-dependent patients to medical prescription or heroin or oral methadone treatment: Results from two randomized controlled trials. Addiction, 100, 89-95. Chiang, S. -C.. Chan, H. -Y. , Chen, C. -H. , Sun, H. -J. , Chang, H. -J. , Chen, W. J. , Lin, S. -K. , Chen, C. -K. (2006). Recidivism among male subjects incarcerated for illicit drug use in Taiwan. Psychiatry Clinical Neurosciences, 60, 444-451. Firth, A. Y. (2005). Heroin and diplopia. Addiction, 100, 46-50. Franken, I. H. A. , Stam, C. J. , Hendriks, V. M. , van den Brink, W. (2004). Electroencephalographic power and coherence analyses suggest altered brain function in abstinent male heroin-dependent patients. Neuropsychobiology, 49, 105-110. Gossop, M. , Stewart, D. , Marsden, J. (2006). Effectiveness of drug and alcohol counseling during methadone treatment: content, frequency, and duration of counseling and association with substance use outcomes. Addiction, 101, 404-412. HeroinAbuse. Net. (2007). History of heroin. [Website]. Retrieved July 8, 2010, from http://www. heroinabuse. net/heroin_history. php Li, L. , Lu, G. , Yao, H. , Zhao, Y. , Feng, Z. , Yew, D. T. (2005). Postmortem changes in the central nervous system and adrenal medulla of the heroin addicts. International Journal of Neuroscience, 115, 1443-1449. Marissen, M. A. E. , Franken, I. H. A. , Waters, A. J. , Blanken, P. , van den Brink, W. , Hendriks, V. M. (2006). Attentional bias predicts heroin relapse following treatment. Addiction, 9, 1306-1312. National Kidney Foundation. (2008). Drug abuse and your kidneys. [Website]. Retrieved July 10, 2010, from http://www. kidney. org/atoz/atozItem. cfm? id=44 O’Brien, C. P. (2003). Research advances in the understanding and treatment of addiction. The Journal on Addictions, 12, S36-S47. PBS. (1998). Opium throughout history. [Website]. Retrieved July 18, 2010, from http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/heroin/etc/history. html Shao, C. , Li, Y. , Jiang, K. , Xu, Y. , Lin, Y. , Wang, Q. , Zhao, M. , Jin, L. (2006). Dopamine D4 receptor polymorphism modulates cue-elicited heroin craving in Chinese. Psychopharmacology, 186, 185-190. How to cite The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body: a Literature Review, Essays

The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body a Literature Review Free Essays

Running Head: EFFECTS OF HEROIN ON A PERSON The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body: A Literature Review Heather Huber Walden University Psych 8226-04 Biopsychology Dr. John Redmon August 18, 2010 Abstract This literature review looks at the detrimental effects of heroin. Since many heroin users often become addicted, it is important to look at its ramifications. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body: a Literature Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now Beginning with a brief history of the substance, then discussing treatment programs for those who have problems with heroin abuse, this paper helps to better understand logical reasons that heroin is an illegal substance. The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body: A Literature Review Heroin, also known as diacetylmorphine, is an illegal drug in the United States and many other countries. Heroin has devastating results on the brain and body. This paper looks at heroin’s history, its consequences on the brain and body, addiction possibilities, and available options for treatment for heroin abusers. What is Heroin? Chemical make-up Breaking down the parts of the word, diacetylmorphine, di means two, acetyl is a radical derived from acetic acid, and morphine is a drug derived from the opium poppy plant used to relieve pain. Heroin, on the street, is generally not pure. Drug dealers often add other things in the drug to stretch their dollar (Furst, 2000). The term for adding things to a drug is called cutting it. According to Furst, easily attainable items, such as lactose and milk sugar, can cut heroin. Quinine, a psychoactive drug that enhances the heroin high, is also a common choice. History Upon researching the history of heroin, very few research articles were located. Many tend to focus on its results in present day life. Unfortunately, this inequity of information in Walden University’s academic databases, the internet provided much of the information regarding the history of heroin. Using vigilant discernment and precise judgment, the following information appeared relevant and valuable in understanding the path of heroin. Heinrich Dreser, an employee of the Bayer Company (the same as today’s Bayer Asprin), first discovered heroin in 1895 by diluting morphine (PBS, 1998). It was later that heroin was advertised and sold as an over-the-counter medication. Acknowledged for having the pain relieving effects of morphine, without the side effects and addictions, heroin became the new choice for pain relief. Unfortunately, a researcher in Bayer laboratories unethically withheld the truth of this information (HeroinAbuse. Net, 2007; PBS, 1998). The use, abuse, and addiction to heroin grew in the United States, and around the world, throughout the early 1900s. Access to heroin on the streets, despite its illegal status, became easier and soon it became a headliner when American celebrities (Janis Joplin, John Belushi, and Kurt Cobain, to name a few) overdosed and died due to use of the drug and its mixture with other illegal substances (PBS, 1998). Today, heroin is still illegal, but is prominent in the lives of many who use or know someone who uses. Effects of Heroin on the Brain Drugs become illegal usually due to the negative consequences. Franken, Stam, Hendriks, and van den Brink (2004) found that heroin can have a negative result on the brain by limiting and exciting different areas leading the long time abuser to have negative characteristics similar to both Alzheimer’s patients and individuals with multiple sclerosis (dementia and brain lesions, respectively). While their study shared a lot about long-term users of heroin, it failed to present information regarding limited-use of heroin users. It is valuable information to know how heroin use affects both groups. The difference between users and abusers will be discussed in the addiction section of this paper. Li, et al. 2005) discovered major disruptions in the cerebral cortex and central nervous system when they autopsied accidental deaths of heroin addicts. While it is challenging to study the definitive effects of heroin on the brain in patients while alive, postmortem patients provide valuable information regarding the effects of heroin use on the brai n. While traces of heroin were found throughout the brain, they discovered a larger amount in the hippocampus and the basal ganglia (Li, et al. , 2005). These heroin cells left lesions in the brain, which could have lead to decreased blood flow to the organs and even death (Li, et al. , 2005). It is clear that the brain is affected by the use of heroin, next we will look at the effects of heroin on the body. Effects of Heroin on the Body Heroin affects vision. Firth (2005) studied its effects. Many heroin users reported double vision (diplopia); the author thought it was important to see whether it was a temporary or permanent condition. Eye exercises or specially made glasses corrected the majority of diplopic conditions. Shao, et al. (2006), tested and found that those with the DRD4 VNTR long repeat allele were more likely to crave heroin after seeing heroin related stimuli, than with the similar DRD4 VNTR short repeat allele. This type of research provides information to future researchers to study this particular allele and perhaps find a â€Å"cure† for heroin addiction. While this may not be the only part of the human body that shows addiction tendencies towards heroin, it is a stepping-stone towards a future of understanding heroin addiction and maybe generalizes that information towards addictions to any substance. Addiction Addiction, in general, has been viewed from many different angles. Many influences encourage one to begin using a substance. O’Brien (2003) states that when discussing addition agent variable, there are three categories to take into consideration. First, agent variables include the onset and duration of the high, and price of the substance. Second, host variables include a risk-taking personality, likeliness of the person to get high, hereditary influences, and a desire to self-medicate. Lastly, environmental variables include peer pressure, and the use of a substance by a role model. These three groups of variables are important to take into consideration when identifying and analyzing an addiction. Viewing addiction from two perspectives, it is in one’s brain, or addiction is a chronic disease (O’Brien, 2003). Research has found that brain mapping is different in the brain of an addict than it is in the brain of a non-addict. Applying the disease approach to addiction, relapses are common and cannot be helped. The philosophy resembles the thoughts such as â€Å"would you punish a diabetic for having a sugar crash? † Many times the ideas behind addiction are challenging for people to comprehend when they have not had an addiction themselves or seen another person go through it. It is important for researchers to study addiction so that we can better understand it and help those who are addicted to substances. According to the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), an addiction to heroin would be classified as an opioid dependence. The characteristics of a person who is dependent upon heroin (a member of the opioid family) include the use of the drug without a prescription, self-medicating, obsession with obtaining the drug, high tolerance for the drug, and withdrawal symptoms when use is abruptly ended. Chiang, et al. (2006), looked at the likelihood of relapse for heroin users and found that of their 166 heroin abusers, approximately 80% of them relapsed in the five-year study. This is a larger percentage and ties into the idea of heroin addiction being a chronic disease that affects an individual throughout their life. Treatment With relapse having such prevalence in the life of heroin abusers trying to abstain, finding a successful treatment program is an important task. Blanken, et al. 2005), found significant success in programs that utilized a mix of heroin and methadone as a treatment to curb withdrawal symptoms, over those that used only methadone. One may question the help of using an addictive substance to treat an addiction, but it is similar to the idea of weaning a child off breast milk by slowly introducing bottles alongside the breast. While it takes some time for the weaning process, it decreases the likelihood of relapse. Gossop, Stewart, and Marsden (2006) found th at participants in a methadone treatment program, who received drug related counseling, were less likely to elapse than those who received generic or no counseling. This is important information for clinics that have methadone treatments programs because they can use the research to enhance their programs to better fit their patients and help in their treatments. Research (Marissen, et al. , 2006) has found that in-patient patients, who showed interest towards heroin related cues, were more likely to relapse after treatment, than those who did not show interest in the cues. The next steps for future research may include assessing whether the desire for heroin makes treatment more difficult. Whether an addict has a problem in their brain, or whether they have a chronic disease, heroin use and abuse is a grave topic for consideration (O’Brien, 2003). From the characteristics that push a person to first try heroin, to the nagging need for the high of just one more hit, the drug is a dangerous chemical that can have serious repercussions on both the brain and the body. Researcher need to continue their work in examining heroin as a chemical, drug, and addictive substance in order to assist in the best treatment for its use. With continued research, there may be a cure for heroin addiction, or even addiction itself. References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th Ed, Text Revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Blanken, P. , Hendriks, V. M. , Koeter, M. W. J. , van Ree, J. M. , van den Brink, W. (2005). Matching of treatment-resistant heroin-dependent patients to medical prescription or heroin or oral methadone treatment: Results from two randomized controlled trials. Addiction, 100, 89-95. Chiang, S. -C.. Chan, H. -Y. , Chen, C. -H. , Sun, H. -J. , Chang, H. -J. , Chen, W. J. , Lin, S. -K. , Chen, C. -K. (2006). Recidivism among male subjects incarcerated for illicit drug use in Taiwan. Psychiatry Clinical Neurosciences, 60, 444-451. Firth, A. Y. (2005). Heroin and diplopia. Addiction, 100, 46-50. Franken, I. H. A. , Stam, C. J. , Hendriks, V. M. , van den Brink, W. (2004). Electroencephalographic power and coherence analyses suggest altered brain function in abstinent male heroin-dependent patients. Neuropsychobiology, 49, 105-110. Gossop, M. , Stewart, D. , Marsden, J. (2006). Effectiveness of drug and alcohol counseling during methadone treatment: content, frequency, and duration of counseling and association with substance use outcomes. Addiction, 101, 404-412. HeroinAbuse. Net. (2007). History of heroin. [Website]. Retrieved July 8, 2010, from http://www. heroinabuse. net/heroin_history. php Li, L. , Lu, G. , Yao, H. , Zhao, Y. , Feng, Z. , Yew, D. T. (2005). Postmortem changes in the central nervous system and adrenal medulla of the heroin addicts. International Journal of Neuroscience, 115, 1443-1449. Marissen, M. A. E. , Franken, I. H. A. , Waters, A. J. , Blanken, P. , van den Brink, W. , Hendriks, V. M. (2006). Attentional bias predicts heroin relapse following treatment. Addiction, 9, 1306-1312. National Kidney Foundation. (2008). Drug abuse and your kidneys. [Website]. Retrieved July 10, 2010, from http://www. kidney. org/atoz/atozItem. cfm? id=44 O’Brien, C. P. (2003). Research advances in the understanding and treatment of addiction. The Journal on Addictions, 12, S36-S47. PBS. (1998). Opium throughout history. [Website]. Retrieved July 18, 2010, from http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/heroin/etc/history. html Shao, C. , Li, Y. , Jiang, K. , Xu, Y. , Lin, Y. , Wang, Q. , Zhao, M. , Jin, L. (2006). Dopamine D4 receptor polymorphism modulates cue-elicited heroin craving in Chinese. Psychopharmacology, 186, 185-190. How to cite The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body: a Literature Review, Essays

Cumberland Case free essay sample

According to the six stages of setting price, ? we have to select the pricing objective. Since Cumberland is in the level of introducing CMI, they have to pursue product-quality leadership which is to offer â€Å"affordable luxuries† for now and consider about maximizing profit later. ?The second stage is to determine demand. So, Cumberland has to consider consumers’ price sensitivity in this case sensitive to quality. Therefore, we should think about the benefit to consumers. Since the average number of CMI pads need per year is 204,750(question 2), the number of CMI pads per month is about 17,000. So, the additional capacity cost is $5,025,000 because additional equipment is added at a cost of $75,000 per 250 pads per month of capacity {(17,000/250 – 1)x75,000}. The production cost varies depending on purchasing a permanent tool. (Exhibit 6)Without permanent tool, it has to pay $7,543,040{148. 1217,000+5,025,000(additional capacity cost)}. On the other hand, with the permanent tool, manufacturing cost would be only ,251,060{69. 817,000+50,000(price of permanent tool)+5,025,000(additional capacity cost)}. Compared to without permanent tool case, it is reasonable to produce pads ‘with permanent tool’. So the total manufacturing cost would be $6,251,060 and the manufacturing cost per pad goes to $367. 71(6,251,060/17000). Since Cumberland managements want to take manufacturing cost to be 40~50% of the price. From this, we can set the price range of from $735. 42. to $919. 275. ?Next, we should analyze competitors’ price mix. Competitors of this market are companies producing asbestos pads. The advantage of competitors is low price. Thus Cumberland has to make sure the value it offers is always of higher benefit to customers than asbestos pad’s cheapness. ?From this, it follows that the ceiling price should be about $1,904. 16 and floor price about $735. 42 and its median is $1,319. 79. After this, we select a pricing method of markup pricing. Because we are beginning the production, we have to first accomplish desired return on sales to make up for the costs. ?Lastly, we select a final price with this method. As gather up former steps, although CMI pad’s EVC is very high and consumer will be welcome this product, since it is the beginning and the key point is to penetrate market and take consumer’s interest, S875. 5 of which 42% is manufacturing cost is moderate to CMI pad. Q1-2) What is the best estimate of the value of the Cumberland pad to a customer? First, in the Colerick project, Asbestos pads driving rate is 150ft/hr so it takes 100 hours driving 15,000ft. When driving 15,000ft, it needs 20 pad sets. Also, because it spends 20 minutes to change sets, it takes total of 400minutes to change sets. As a result, total time spending on driving 15,000ft would be 106. 66666hrs (100hrs+400mins). However, the driving rate of CMI pad is 200ft/hr and it takes 75hrs to drive 15,000ft. CMI needs only 1 pad set change which takes only 4minutes. So, driving 15,000ft with CMI pad spends 75. 06666hrs (75hrs+4mins). It saves 31. 6hrs than the Asbestos pad. Second, in the Fazio project, the driving rate of Asbestos pads is 160ft/hr and it takes 75hrs driving 12,000ft. In this case, 50 pad sets is needed to replace and it takes 20minutes per set to change. So it needs 1000mins for total changes. Overall, using Asbestos pads needs 91. 66666hrs (75hrs+1000mins). On the other hand, CMI in Fazio project shows same result with Colerick project that is taking 60. 06666hrs. In summary, it saves 31. 6hrs when using CMI pad. Furthermore, there are other equipment’s rental costs. Hammer costs $34/hr, crane costs $52/hr and lead costs $8/hr. Also, labor cost is $21, crane operator costs $10 and foreman costs $13. In addition, $100 is needed for overhead which is spent on office, trucks, oil/gas, tools etc. In sum, $238 is spent per hour. To sum up, the value of the time saved by using CMI pad is $7,520. 8 in the case of Colerick project and the Fazio project. The cost for the Asbestos pads is $1,000 in Colerick project-$50 per set and 20sets required. Also Asbestos pad cost is $2,000 in Fazio project-$40 per set and 50 sets required. In conclusion, Total value saved by using the CMI pad becomes $8,520. 8($7,520. 8 + $1,000) in Colerick project and $9,520. 8($7,520. 8 + $2,000) in Fazio project. Therefore, the value of the CMI pad to a customer is $1,420. 1333($8,520. 8 / 6pads required in total) in the Colerick project and $1,904. 6($9,520. 8 / 5pads required in total) in Fazio project. The highest estimate of the value of the CMI pad to a customer (EVC) is $1,904. 16 per pad. Q1-3) EVC of channel members, and influencers The value of CMI may be evaluated positively but not all share the same estimate of value. At first, customers will be positive because their EVC is $1,904. 16. Channel members would also be positiv e. They can get more margins because CMI pad is much more expensive than asbestos pad. Also architectural/soil consultant can construct fast and easily because CMI pads quailty and safety is better. In place of Engineering/construction contractors and independent pile-driving contractors, it will be estimated positively because they want to construct safely and fast. However, Pile-hammer distributing/renting companies make profits from rental fee. So when constructors reduce construction times using CMI Pad, their profits also be removed. So they are going to estimate negatively on CMI pads value. 2. Because there is no actual statistics of the U. S. market for cushion pads, Thomas Simpson, group manager of the Mechanical Products Group, estimated the market size by the information he could gather. A 1977 report by Construction Engineering magazine and industry sources estimated that there are approximately 13,000 owned pile hammers and 6,500 to 13,000 leased hammers. These total of 19,500 to 26,000 hammers would operate for 25 weeks in a year, and 30 hours in a week. Most works are drove 20 feet per hour. From these data we can estimate the total feet driven per year. Low Estimate: (13,000+6,500) x 25 x 30 x 20 = 292,500,000 High Estimate: (13,000+13,000) x 25 x 30 x 20 = 390,000,000 A set of six curled metal pads would drive 10,000 feet, which means that 1,667 feet is driven per pad. Therefore we can estimate the number of CMI pad needed per year. Low Estimate: 292,500,000 / 1,667 = 175,500 , High Estimate: 390,000,000 / 1,667 = 234,000 From this, we can estimate the average number of pads need per year and it is 204,750. 3. Q3-1) Distribution amp; Marketing Methods Before choosing a marketing strategy, we should first understand what product we are dealing with. CMI pad is a unsought goods that people generally don’t use. Thus, the target segments of this market are not public but those who have pile hammers such as pile driving companies, pile driving contractors, or construction contractors. Also, a market for pads is unfamiliar notion in the industry. Most members of the pile-driving industry did not think of a cushion pad as a prospective product to promote. CMI is the first pioneer in this market and the market is not clear. Thus, channels of distribution are not clear, too. We considered several alternatives including launching its’ own distribution outlet. However, for many obstacles, we decided that founding an outlet will cost a lot. Rather, as a result, we determined to persuade construction-oriented manufacturers’ representatives as a distribution channel with the result from question 1, 2. To communicate CMI product to market, it is important to reach various purchase influences. Then, what kind of purchase influences are important and why? There are architectural/consulting engineers, engineering/construction contractors and independent pile-driving contractors. Independent pile-driving contractors are those who are pioneers of this market, so they would be the key to introduce CMI to market. The architectural/consulting engineers are those who are expertise and final decision makers of the needs for a construction project. Even though they themselves don’t buy the product, they would tell consumers to buy it. So, we should make them choose CMI pads. Also, engineering/construction contractors are people who do everything related to the piling. They are bigger and sophisticated than independents that they would guarantee the bigger success in this market. As our targeting customers are industrial engineers and contractors not general public customers, we should focus on advertising directly for those segments rather than public advertisements like TV commercial, news paper and so on. There are several ways to reach these targets. We can put an ad on some magazines featuring advertisements by suppliers to trade and supply houses like Louisiana Contractor. Also, to reinforce credibility and arouse people’s interest, test results from the Colerick Foundation Company and Fazio Construction can be attached. The positive feedback from Professor R. Stephen McCormack about CMI pad can be attached, too. Moreover, we can hold trade shows to introduce CMI pads directly to the potential buyers and influencers. This would enable the company to have better marketing effect with small cost than widespread ads. Also, we can offer some free samples to some major companies and independent pile-driving contractors to draw their interests, just like we got some from the Colerick and Fazio. With these methods, CMI can be marketed effectively to the target segment. Q3-2) Roles of competitors, context, and collaborators in pricing decision In question 1-1, we already concluded competitors are asbestos pads companies. As test results prove, CMI pad is more competitive than them in every feature. So, if Cumberland gets a patent for CMI pad, no product can beat CMI. Since the only advantage of asbestos pad is low price, we should be careful not to overprice CMI pad that people no longer feel the advantages of CMI. The collaborators of Cumberland are Colerick and Fazio who cooperated to test CMI. Cumberland could calculate estimate value of consumers from the test results they gave. With EVC, Cumberland can set a price that ensures consumers to get higher value than the price. In other words, collaborators help setting the ceiling price of CMI. In exhibit 1, we can see that income of Cumberland diminished in 1979 compared to 1978. Net sales decreased from about $20. 5M to $18. 5M and net income per share decreased from $2. 16 to $1. 39. Even though Cumberland had a large market share in automakers market by selling exhaust gas recirculation (Sip-Seal), they depended on this market and its income has shrunk. They needed to target new market to retain other stable source of income. Therefore, it is natural that they develop CMI pads. Unlike asbestos pad, CMI pad is made of various materials. Also, CMI pad doesn’t endanger crew’s life by never going above 250? asbestos pads’ average temperature is between 600? and 700? ) So, engineers will choose CMI pad over asbestos for security reason. So, Cumberland can give premium to the CMI to have investment cost covered. Although CMI pad is a great product, Cumberland has to sit back and take relatively low-price strategy. That is, to gain market share and to have investment cost rewarded, Cumberland has to set a price that is not too low or too high – in this case the price is of 50% margin. They might be able to increase the price after they have enough market shares.